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23 humanoid robot teams compete in rescue missions at 2nd WHRG, facing real-world complexity beyond dancing in coordination_我的网站

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一 | 전남광주, 지난해 980건·250억…인쇄물·小물품 반복계약동일업체 연 7회·3억 제한 추진…市 "집중 막고 효율성↑" 왼쪽부터 전남광주통합특별시 무안 남악청사, 광주 상무청사, 전남 동부청사. (사진=뉴시스DB) *재판매 및 DB 금지[전남광주=뉴시스]송창헌 기자 = 전남광주통합특별시가 체결한 전체 계약 10건 중 3건이 1인 수의계약으로, 이 중 상당수는 특정업체 몰아주기식 계약이어서 손질이 필요하다는 지적이다. 특별시는 신속성과 효율성을 위한 수의계약의 순기능은 살리되, 일부 특정업체에 계약이 반복적으로 몰리는 이른바 '단골 계약'을 차단하기 위한 대책 마련에 나섰다.26일 전남광주통합특별시에 따르면 통합 전 옛 광주시와 전남도의 지난해 전체 계약건수와 금액은 3000여 건에 5000억원 규모다. 이 가운데 1인 수의계약은 980여 건, 액수로는 250억원으로, 건수 기준 30%, 금액 기준으로 5% 안팎을 차지했다.그러나 이 중 상당수가 일부 업체에 계약이 반복·집중되는 단골 계약이어서 논란의 대성이 되고 있다.실제 확인 결과 업무보고서와 각종 유인물 등 인쇄물이나 소규모 물품 구매 과정에서 한 업체와 연간 8∼10차례 계약한 사례도 드러났다. 광역시 본청보다는 업체풀이 상대적으로 좁은 일선 시·군·구에서 반복계약 사례가 많은 것으로 파악됐다.감사 부서도 공개 경쟁을 피하기 위한 사업 쪼개기와 특정 업체 몰아주기, 업체에 유리한 규격·평가기준 설정 등을 공공계약 분야의 대표적 취약요인으로 꼽고 있다.계약 후 하자 물품이나 부실 공사를 합격 처리하는 등 이행·검수 단계의 허점도 도마에 오르고 있다. 특히 이와 맞물려 업체 선정에 사적 이해관계가 교묘하게 개입하면 사후 감사만으로 특혜 여부를 가려내는 데 한계가 있다는 지적도 나온다.현재 통합시는 발주계획 사전공개→ 업체 자격·수의계약 횟수 확인→ 수의계약 사유서와 적정성 심사 등 3단계 검증 절차를 밟고 있지만, 다단계 안전 장치에도 반복 계약은 끊이질 않아 '형식적 검증 아니냐'는 비판의 목소리도 높다. 담당자의 자의적 선택도 주요 요인 중 하나로 지목되고 있다.이에 통합시는 통합시는 기존 광주시의 '동일업체 연 10회 제한'보다 강화된 '연 7회·3억원 한도'를 적용하고 광주 뿐만 아니라 무안·동부청사까지 확대할 방침이다.계약 전 업체와 공직자·선출직 등의 이해 관계와 누적 계약횟수를 이중 검증하고, 이해관계 업체 조사도 연 2회에서 4회로 늘릴 계획이다. 계약정보 전면 공개와 정기 모니터링도 병행키로 했다.다만 횟수와 금액만 기계적으로 제한할 경우 긴급계약이나 전문성이 필요한 사업까지 비효율이 발생할 수 있는 만큼 예외 계약은 통합 계약심사위 등 제3의 심사를 거치도록 하는 방안도 함께 검토되고 있다. 특별시 관계자는 "수의계약 운영 실태를 지속적으로 점검하고 제도적 사각지대를 보완해 나갈 계획"이라며 "시·군·구 계약 담당자 간 우수 사례도 공유해 통합시 전체의 공정계약 수준을 높이겠다"고 밝혔다.한편 민형배 시장은 이날 확대간부회의에서 "A·B·C 업체가 있고, 같은 효율을 낼 수 있는데 A에게만 집중된다면 골고루 주는 게 맞다"면서도 "B와 C가 A보다 효율이 떨어진다면 어떻게 할 것인지도 따져봐야 한다"고 말했다. 그러면서 수의계약 횟수 제한을 포함한 별도 개선안을 마련해 보고토록 관련 부서에 주문했다.。

A humanoid robot takes part in a simulated firefighting mission during the 2nd World Humanoid Robot Games in a real fire brigade in Beijing on August 16, 2026. Photo：Li Hao/ GT
The firefighting final of the emergency management category at the 2nd World Humanoid Robot Games (WHRG) was held on Sunday in Beijing, putting 23 teams through a simulated rescue operation designed to test whether humanoid robots can move beyond demonstrations and perform practical tasks in complex real-world environments.
The event comes as Chinese humanoid robots, long known for eye-catching abilities such as running, dancing and music playing, are pushed toward practical applications, including jobs that are dangerous for humans such as emergency rescue.
Unlike the first edition of the WHRG last year, according to the organization committee, this year's scenario-based events emphasize "realistic simulation," with the firefighting competition being held at a fire brigade rather than in a model-room setup.
The competition simulated a firefighting assignment that required each of the 23 robots to complete three tasks within 30 minutes: identify hazardous materials, shut off valves and operate a fire extinguisher. For the first task, robots had to identify two randomly placed simulated hazardous substances and report their types to judges through returned images. They then had to locate three randomly selected open valves of different types and shut them off before identifying a fire source, finding a fire extinguisher and spraying it until the fire was put out.
Human firefighters were also involved in the event, lighting the fire and observing whether the robots carried out the extinguisher operation correctly.
The competition, however, showed how difficult it remains for robots to perform reliably outside controlled laboratory conditions.
Rain affected the competition, while changes in lighting and the outdoor environments added uncertainty to the robots' visual recognition and manipulation tasks. A team from UniX AI, a company well-known for its robot applications on real-world scenarios and has just raised a new round of 300 million yuan ($ 44.49 million) in late March, completed its run within the allotted time, but its robot moved relatively slowly compared to human firefighters' real practice. When operating the fire extinguisher, its robotic hand had to make two attempts to align with the target.
Of 12 teams competed on Sunday, three finished the challenge.
Yang Liqi, a representative of the UniX AI team, told the Global Times that the firefighting scenario placed higher demands on both the robot's recognition and manipulation capabilities.
"Rain and lighting conditions can affect the robot, and actual situations are often different from what we simulate in the laboratory," Yang said, noting that this was also one reason why a number of teams were unable to complete their runs on Sunday morning.
The team had programmed the robot to make up to three attempts when operating the extinguisher. "If it sees white smoke after the first attempt, it will not make a second attempt," Yang said.
The difficulty was not simply that whether the robot could move its arm. Humanoid robots rely on different types of joints for different tasks: small, high-precision joints enable delicate hand operations, while high-torque, reliable joints support movement and balance.
A failure at any point of actions and detection could affect the final result. This is precisely where the value of real-world competitions lies, Jin Chenran, a representative of the Tiangong team whose robot only accomplished one of the three tasks, told the Global Times.
"Whether the competition goes smoothly or not, that is the significance of a real-world simulation. Every real-world failure is valuable data that helps humanoid robots toward practical application," Jin said.
Jin further explained that questions like why the robot failed to recognize an object and how its motion-planning system selected the wrong path... Such data can subsequently be used to improve algorithms and train AI models.
The competition also offered a glimpse into the current transitional stage of humanoid robot technology. At the venue, some team members were wearing VR headsets and remotely adjusting their robots shortly before their runs.
Some humanoid robots were seen using omnidirectional wheels instead of feet, while their hands featured multiple joints to enable more precise manipulation. Many teams chose China-developed UBTECH's joint modules for their robots. Its servo actuators cover a wide torque range from 0.2Nm to 200Nm, allowing robots to combine dexterity with strength. Meanwhile, VR teleoperation gives operators a first-person view through the robot's cameras, enabling them to remotely guide movements in real time.
The event comes amid a broader push in China to move humanoid robots and embodied intelligence from laboratories and competition arenas into real production and daily-life environments. In June, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the other departments launched a special program for humanoid robots and embodied intelligence that encouraged applications in practical fields including emergency rescue.
Zhao Weidong, deputy director of the organizing committee office, told the Global Times that the scenario-based competitions are intended to test the progress of humanoid robots from "competition performance" toward "real operational work," including whether they can eventually become intelligent partners for firefighters.
"At present, many simulations of actual operations may still be at an early stage," Zhao said. "But these are an important starting point for enabling robots to truly assist humans in real-world environments, as well as an important source of data and testing."
The ultimate goal, Zhao said, is to push robots into fields where human operations are dangerous and achieve genuine "human-robot complementarity."
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